A heart attack (myocardial infarction) occurs when blood flow to the heart muscle is severely reduced or blocked. Recognizing the symptoms is the first and most critical step in survival. Symptoms can vary greatly between individuals and genders, but there are primary signs you must be aware of.
Primary Symptom: Chest Pain or Discomfort 💓
This is the most common symptom. It can feel like pressure, squeezing, fullness, or pain in the center of the chest. It often lasts for more than a few minutes, or it may go away and come back.
- It is often described as feeling like an **"elephant sitting on your chest."**
- The discomfort can be mild or severe.
- **Do not wait** for the pain to become severe before seeking help.
Warning Sign: Pain in Other Upper Body Areas
Discomfort isn't always limited to the chest. Pain or numbness can radiate to the **arms** (especially the left), **back**, **neck**, **jaw**, or **stomach**. For women, jaw and back pain are often more prominent than chest pain.
- Watch for pain that travels from the chest up into the jaw.
- Aching or unusual pressure in one or both arms is a serious warning sign.
Critical Sign: Shortness of Breath 😮💨
Shortness of breath (dyspnea) may occur before or during chest discomfort. It can feel like you can't get enough air, or that you're breathing heavily even while resting. This happens when the heart's pumping action is compromised.
- Difficulty breathing during light activity or while lying down.
- Often accompanied by an elevated heart rate or feeling of panic.
Atypical Symptoms: Cold Sweats, Nausea, Vomiting
These symptoms are sometimes mistaken for the flu or severe indigestion, especially in women. Unexplained **cold sweats**, **nausea**, and **lightheadedness** can be signs of a heart attack and should never be ignored.
- A sudden, clammy sweat unrelated to activity or heat.
- Severe "heartburn" or abdominal pain, especially when combined with other symptoms.
Symptom Differences: Fatigue and Weakness
Women are more likely than men to report **extreme or unusual fatigue** that lasts for days, as well as a general feeling of weakness. They might not experience the classic crushing chest pain, making early recognition more challenging.
- Sudden, overwhelming exhaustion that prevents simple tasks.
- Feeling faint or lightheaded, especially upon standing.
🚨 What To Do Immediately
- Call Emergency Services: Immediately call your local emergency number (e.g., 911). Do not drive yourself.
- Chew Aspirin: If you are not allergic and have been advised by a doctor, chew a full-strength (325 mg) non-enteric coated aspirin. Aspirin helps thin the blood.
- Stay Calm: Lie down or sit in a comfortable position and wait for help to arrive.